Alaska
      - Antarctica - tundra   | 
  
    | 
	Alaska's cold desert 
    Alaska’s Arctic is a vast wilderness which provides vital habitat for hundreds of animal species including bears, wolves, caribou, musk oxen, and 
    millions of migratory birds. And for those human visitors who sustain themselves on the beauty and solitude of the wilderness, the Arctic provides 
    a chance to escape from the pressures of modern society as well as the knowledge that such remote and awe-inspiring places still exist | 
  
    | Alaska Geobotany Center Arctic Maps, Alaska Geobotany Center, maps, vegetation, 
	vegetation maps, Alaska, Arctic, Circumpolar, geobotany, Circumpolar Arctic 
	Vegetation Mapping, CAVM, atlas, cryoturbation, bioclimatic zones, 
	Circumpolar Maps, down? | 
  
    | Alaska
      wildlife images Alaska wildlife images | 
  
    | Alaskan
      volcano observatory | 
  
    | Alaska environmental
      center Alaska's Arctic has been called the last great wilderness | 
  
    | 
	Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station (Bill Spindler's Antarctica) | 
  
    | 
    Antarctica Antarctica is the coldest, windiest, iciest and most remote continent on our planet. It's one of the most difficult and dangerous places 
    to visit, and yet one of the most fascinating and instructive | 
  
    | Antarctica.org.nz | 
  
    | Antarctic 
    and Arctic icebergs | 
  
    | Antarctic experience
    a tip | 
  
    | Arctic circle
      the Arctic Ocean is the centerpiece of the circumpolar north. Lands bordering this region include those of Alaska, Canada, Greenland and
      Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia | 
  
    | Arctic and Antarctica
      the Antarctic continent is surrounded by oceans, winds, and circumpolar currents, uninterrupted by land masses. The Arctic ocean is surrounded by
      continents, a tip | 
  
    | 
Arctic glossary 
	Northern polar region of the Earth which includes almost the whole area of 
	the Arctic ocean and adjacent areas of Eurasian and North American 
	continents | 
  
    | Castles 
    of ice 
	During the peak of the last ice age, one-third of the Earth's 
	land surface was covered by thick sheets of ice. Their high albedo reflected 
	a great deal of sunlight out into space, which cooled Earth and allowed the 
	ice sheets to grow. (See our Ice Ages web page.) Ice sheets give birth to 
	icebergs | 
  
    | 
	Conservation of Arctic flora and fauna 
    it mission is to conserve Arctic biodiversity and to ensure that the use of Arctic living resources is sustainable | 
  
    | Coastal change and glaciological 
    maps of Antarctica | 
  
    | Crevasse zone
      Crevasse zone, GPS glacier surface movement and elevation surveys on the Juneau
      icefield, Alaska | 
  
    | Cryosphere:
      where the world is frozen | 
  
    | 
    Educapoles les régions polaires, le cycle de l'eau et les glaces sur la Terre, le climat et les changements climatiques, en 
    Français, animations | 
  
    | 
	
	Glacial geology a tip | 
  
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	Glacial systems the two basic types of glaciers, continental and alpine, 
	form and impact the topography of the earth | 
  
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	Glacier 
	Glacier | 
  
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	Glacier 
	A glacier is a perennial mass of ice which moves over land. A glacier forms 
	in locations where the mass accumulation of snow and ice exceeds ablation 
	over many years | 
  
    | 
	Glacier
      glacier facts, questions and answers, a glossary, a gallery, bibliography
      and links to glacier information on the web | 
  
    | 
	Antartica in the winter, the lowest recorded temperatures (without wind chill!) have reached -89°C (-129°F). The continent averages 2.4 kilometers 
    in height (1.5 miles) above sea level, making it 1.5 kilometers (almost a mile) higher than the global average land height! | 
  
    | 
	
	Glaciers Glacier animation | 
  
    | 
	
	Glaciers and glaciations | 
  
    | 
	Glaciers and the 
	glacial ages glaciers are large masses of snow, recrystallized ice and 
	rock debris that accumulate in great quantities and begin to flow outwards 
	and downwards under the pressure of their own weight, Educypedia | 
  
    | 
	Glaciers 
	exploring nearly all aspects of glaciers including data and 
	science, facts, a gallery, a glossary and much more | 
  
    | 
	Glaciers | 
  
    | 
	Glaciology 
	Glaciology | 
  
    | Green 
    icebergs | 
  
    | Iceberg photographs | 
  
    | Icebergs an iceberg is a floating mass of freshwater ice that has broken from the seaward end of a glacier or a polar ice sheet. Icebergs are 
    typically found in open seas, especially around Greenland and Antarctica | 
  
    | Icebergs 
    a majority of the icebergs in the North Atlantic come from about 100 iceberg producing glaciers along the Greenland coast while a few originate in the 
    Eastern Canadian Arctic Islands | 
  
    | 
    Icebergs and glaciers an iceberg is a mass of ice that has broken off part of a glacier called calcen and has fallen into a nearby body of water | 
  
    | Nearctica the 
    plants, animals, or the physical environment of North America | 
  
    | Nova- Antarctic 
    almanac Antarctica has some seven million cubic miles of ice, representing some 90 percent of the world's total | 
  
    | 
	Satellite 
	image atlas of glaciers of the world | 
  
    | 
	Snow, Ice, and 
	Permafrost Glaciology, Permafrost, Sea Ice, Snow | 
  
    | Tundra 
    the tundra is the coldest and the driest of all the biomes on Earth. This biome lies above the Arctic Ocean in the world's highest northern latitudes. 
    The tundra covers about one fifth of the land surface found on Earth. These low swampy plains are found in Northern Europe, Siberia, Northern most part 
    of North America, and a few places in the southern hemisphere | 
  
    | Tundra 
    animals | 
  
    | Warnings
      from the ice  white continent, icecore, radioactivity, chernobyl, fallout,
      south pole, air pollution, climate change, temperature, volcanoes,
      volcanic eruption, global warming, greenhouse, gases, glacier, Antarctic, circumpolar,
      antifreeze, glycopeptides, growler, katabatic, neve, nilas, nunatak, polynya, satsrugi  | 
  
    | Wildlife of Antarctica 
    no land-based vertebrate animals inhabit Antarctica. Invertebrates, especially mites and ticks, which can tolerate the lower temperatures, exist 
    in the Antarctic Peninsula but are still considered rare. The surrounding ocean, however, abounds in living creatures | 
  
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