Acoustics and Sound Technology

Acoustic impedance sound travels through materials under the influence of sound pressure. Because molecules or atoms of a solid are bound elastically to one another, the excess pressure results in a wave propagating through the solid. The acoustic impedance (Z) of a material is defined as the product of density (p) and acoustic velocity (V) of that material

Acoustic impedance What is acoustic impedance and why is it important?

Acoustic material property tables solids, longitidunal piezoelectric, shear piezoelectric, plastics, rubbers, liquids, gases

Applying Harmonics

Auditory scales of frequency representation pitch, frequency, bandwidth

Beat frequency two sound waves of different frequency, what is Beat frequency, beat frequencies, or difference tones, result when two frequencies which are very close in frequency occur simultaneously

Beats when two harmonically-related sine waves (sinusoids) are added together, the two distinct tones tend to fuse together in our auditory system to produce a sensation of a single pitch. Additionally, the timbre of the resultant tone is associated with the resultant waveform

Beats what are Beats

Beats When two sound waves of different frequency approach your ear, the alternating constructive and destructive interference causes the sound to be alternatively soft and loud - a phenomenon which is called "beating" or producing beats, ...

Beats rapid changes in loudness, known as beats, occur when two tones very close in frequency are heard at the same time. The number of beats is equal to the difference in two nearly similar frequencies

Beats

Capacité dynamique est la capacité d'un systéme audio à reproduire un son à un niveau réaliste, en Français

Characteristics of Sound and the Decibel Scale

Classroom acoustics

Decibel Acoustics / Noise, dB, dBf, dBK, dBm, dBu, dBV, dBW, What is a decibel? the decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to describe a ratio. The ratio may be power, or voltage or intensity or several other things, filters used for dBA and dBC, typical average decibel levels of some common sounds

Decibel (Loudness) Comparison Chart

Decibels Definition and examples, Sound files to show the size of a decibel, Standard reference levels, absolute sound level, Logarithmic response, psychophysical measures, sones and phons, Recording level and decibels (dBV and dBm), Intensity, radiation and dB, dBi and anisotropic radiation, Example problems using dB for amplifier gain, speaker power, hearing sensitivity, What is a logarithm?

Decibels Definition and Logarithmic Calculation

Equal-loudness contour An equal-loudness contour is a measure of sound pressure (dB SPL), over the frequency spectrum, for which a listener perceives a constant loudness. The unit of measurement for loudness levels is the phon, and by definition two sine waves that have equal phons are equally loud, ...

Equal loudness curves what are Equal loudness curves

Equal loudness tester this site allows you to measure equal loudness curves, the frequency response of your own ears. The flash script allows you to play sound files with a range of frequencies and sound levels with the click of a mouse

Fletcher-Munson curve explanation loudness curves (Fletcher-Munson curves)

Fletcher-Munson equal-loudness contours Equal loudness contours or Fletcher-Munson curves

Fourier approximations and music introduces Fourier approximations of periodic functions in the context of musical sounds

Frequency spectrum of a sound a sound which consists of a single frequency is called a pure tone, musical sounds contain a fundamental frequency plus several harmonics

Geluidshinder pdf file, in Dutch

Hydrophones hydrophones, what are hydrophones

Introduction to Harmonics pdf file

Larsen effect What is Acoustic Feedback, what is Larsen effect, pdf file

Larsen effect The Larsen effect, better known as the electroacoustic phenomenon of feedback between microphone and amplifier

Larsen effect Audio feedback (also known as the Larsen effect) is a special kind of feedback which occurs when a loop exists between an audio input (for example, a microphone or guitar pickup) and an audio output (for example, a loudspeaker), ...

Loudness loudness is a subjective term describing the strength of the ear's perception of a sound. It is intimately related to sound intensity but can by no means be considered identical to intensity

Loudness loudness

Nine components of sound components of sound: music components: pitch, timbre, harmonics, loudness, rhythm, attack, sustain, decay, speed

Phonetics Phonetics is the study of the articulatory and acoustic properties of the sounds of human language

Phons the loudness of complex sounds can be measured by comparison to 1000Hz test tone

Pitch (music) In music, pitch is the psychological correlate of the fundamental frequency of a note, ...

Pitch Pitch = frequency of sound, For example, middle C in equal temperament = 261.6 Hz

Pressure Amplitude: Quantitative Measurement of Sound

Seeing with your ears java demonstration of an auditory display for vision substitution. Includes image sonification and spectrogram generation

Sensation and perception Waveforms and Frequency Analysis, Why does the auditory system analyse sound by frequency? Sine waves, Complex periodic sounds, Linearity, Filters, Resonance, Response to single pure tones, Frequency threshold curves, Characteristic frequency, Phase locking, Coding frequency, Coding intensity, Two-tone suppression, ...

Sone what are sones

Sones a unit of loudness, what are sones

Sound Effects Expansion/Noise Gating, Equalization, Compression/Limiting, Phase Shifting (Phasing), Ring Modulation, Chorus, Delay, Reverberation, Flanging

Sound examples sound examples, a tip

SOUND FILES

Sound levels Sound Pressure, Sound Pressure Level, Weighted Sound Level, Fletcher and Munson Contours

Sound Pressure Level Sound pressure level is a measurement of the pressure of a sound in relation to a fixed reference point, ...

Sound Pressure Level Sound Pressure Level, SPL, What is SPL

Sound Pressure Level Sound Pressure Level, SPL, What is SPL, Sound pressure level (SPL) or sound level Lp is a logarithmic measure of the rms pressure (force/area) of a particular noise relative to a reference noise source

Sound Pressure Level chart Sound Pressure Level chart, pdf file

Sound spectrum sound spectrum is a representation of a sound - usually a short sample of a sound - in terms of the amount of vibration at each individual frequency. It is usually presented as a graph of either power or pressure as a function of frequency. The power or pressure is measured in decibels and the frequency is measured in vibrations per second (or Hertz, abbreviation Hz) or thousands of vibrations per second (kiloHertz, abbreviation kHz)

Sound Transmission Sound Transmission, sound propagation, Decibels measured in intensity or pressure, Interference, pdf file

Sound waves sound waves

Sound waves sound waves, Speed of sound in various media, Displacement and pressure variations in sound waves, Interference, Constructive and destructive interference of sound waves, Intensity, Sound intensity and decibel levels, Doppler Effect applied to sound

Sound Waves and Music

Spectrograms What are spectrograms, What are waveforms? What are spectrograms? What are phonemes? What are formants

The physics of music Measurement and Units, The Simple Harmonic Oscillator, Waves, Structure of the ear, Loudness and Decibels, Standing Waves, Pure and complex tones, Ohm's Law of Hearing, Time, Frequency and spectrum, Musical Intervals and Scales, "Scientific" theory of consonance, Room Acoustics

Timbre

Timbre In music, timbre, also timber (from Fr. timbre), is the quality of a musical note or sound that distinguishes different types of sound production or musical instruments

Timing errors and jitter a discussion of the various types of jitter, their causes and effects on converter performance, pdf file

Ultra sonic testing a tip

Velocity of the sound waves sound waves travel at different velocities depending upon the physical properties of the medium through which they are travelling

Vocal tract acoustics speech, acoustics, vocal tract, helium speech, helium, acoustic impedance, sound spectrum, decibel

Waves

Waves, acoustics and vibrations Diffraction, Waves in Three Dimensions, The Auditory Sense, Vibrations of Air Columns, Vibrations of Stretched Strings, Theory of the String Telegraph, Vibrations of Flat Things, Waves in Solids, Surface Waves on Liquids, Musical Scales

Waves in strings, reflections, standing waves and harmonics waves in strings, reflections, standing waves and harmonics

What is noise?

Horizontaal

Sound Pressure level Chart:

Fletcher-Munson curves

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