| Analog radio: 
general overview  related subject: PLL | 
| Amplitude Modulated Radio Frequency Transmission System Receiver and 
Demodulator,
pdf file | 
| Electronic and radio theory
  radio receiver basics, crystal radio set, tuned radio frequency TRF variety, superheterodyne receiver | 
| Explore inside of a 
radio investigates the inside of a cheap beach radio | 
| FM radiostations in Belgium | 
| FM Stereo Radio MPX with RDS | 
| FM Stereo Radio MPX with RDS pdf file | 
| Frequency devices
design guide, solving real world signal conditioning problems | 
| How radio works explore the technology of radio | 
| Radio calculator
scientific calculator and universal converter for radio communication, a tip | 
| Radio
  receiver tuning, frequency conversion, modulation, demodulation | 
| Radio receiver handbook radio receivers, from crystal set to 
stereo, Radio Receiver, The Antenna, The Ground, Radio Receiver with TDA7050 IC, 
Radio Receiver with LM386 IC, Radio Receiver with Increased Sensitivity Audio 
Amplifier, Universal Audio Amplifier, Receiver with HF Amplifier, Direct 
Receiver with Drain Detector, Direct SW Receiver for AM, AM-SSB & CW Signals, 
Miniature Receiver with ZN414 (ZN414Z) IC, Direct (TRF) FM Receivers, FM 
Receiver with Audio Amplifier, FM Receiver with One Transistor and Audio 
Amplifier,  a tip | 
| Radio receiver technology 
Radio receiver technology, measurement techniques, radio propagation, radio and 
electronics history, amateur radio | 
| RDS/EON Car Radio System a computer controlled high-end AM/FM car radio 
system with RDS/RBDS decoding. It is based on a single 8051 family 
microcontroller (P83CE528) and various I2C-bus controlled peripherals | 
| Receivers 1Many receivers must be capable of handling a very wide range of 
signal powers at the input while still producing the correct output. This must 
be done in the presence of noise and interference which occasionally can be much 
stronger than the desired signal,
pdf file | 
| RF
  tutorials for EEs mixers, RF directional couplers, impedance transformers | 
| Single-Chip 
PLL-FM-Receiver Single Superheterodyne PLL-FM-Receiver, Low Noise Amplifier 
(LNA), Input Impedance Matching & Noise, Considerations, Input matching, 
Filtering, Implementation, LNA Core, Input and Output filters, Mixer, 
Implementation, Local Oscillator, Oscillator, Tuning, Buffers, PLL Frequency 
Synthesizer, Crystal Oscillator (XO), Intermediate Frequency Amplifier, IF 
Amplifier Design, FM Demodulator Design, Phase Shift Network, LNA, Mixer, Local 
Oscillator, PLL, Xtal Oscillator, IF Amplifier, Phase Shift Network, Demodulator Demodulator Output | 
| TEA 
6848H TEA 6848H is for small dimensioned Electronic Tuned AM/FM Car Radio 
receiver, with advantage in application-area’s where the FM band is crowded,
pdf file | 
| Time and frequency 
articles frequency synthesis and conversion, Phase Noise/ AM noise, oscillator circuits, power supply circuits, RF amplifier circuits, shock and 
vibration | 
| VHF community radio electronics the concepts involved in 
radio broadcasting relevant to the community radio operator on VHF FM, a typical 
VHF FM transmitter system | 
| Williamson labs 
  communications, computers, antennas, data sheets, decoupling, electronic design automation, electromagnetic compatibility, radio, amplifiers, inductors, operational amplifiers, op amps, optics, oscillators, oscilloscopes, rf, modulation, heterodyne, mixer, double sideband, dsb, single sideband, ssb, amplitude modulation, am, frequency modulation, fm, shielding, sound, piezo, seebeck, peltier, video, vga, vcr, raster, tv, television, ntsc, pal, rs-170, rs-170a, bipolar transistors, bjt, field effect transistors, fet, mosfet, 
 a tip | 
| Horizontaal | 
| Analog radio: topics  related subject: 
Crystal radio circuits, 
PLL, RF circuits | 
| AM-FM 
Ceramics 450 - 470 kHz AM Filters, 10.3 - 11.5 MHz FM Filters | 
| AM radio receiver
pdf file | 
| AM
  radio receivers How AM radio receivers work, An AM Radio Realized with 
Only Discrete Bipolar Transistors, pdf file | 
| AM 
SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVERS IF section, AM receivers, diode detector | 
| AM transmitters and receivers 
AM communication, AM transmitters and receivers, pdf file | 
| AM transmitters and receivers 
AM communication, AM transmitters and receivers, pdf file | 
| AM/FM car radio receivers 
How AM radio receivers work, How FM radio receivers work, IF 
amplifier/demodulator for FM car radio receivers, AM/FM radio receiver circuit, 
Front-end and PLL synthesizers for car radios | 
| Ceramic
  filters and resonators How Ceramic filters and resonators work | 
| COILS AND TRANSFORMERS Coils, Transformers, Working principles and 
characteristics of transformers | 
| Conversion
  gain and noise temperature heterodyne mixer, hetrodyne receiver | 
| Crystal oscillators 
How Crystal oscillators work | 
| Crystal radio 
optimal loading of audio transformers for crystal set use | 
| Crystal radio 
crystal radio, how the 
crystal radio work | 
| Crystal radio plans,
Cristadyne links | 
| Crystal
  receivers crystal receiver history, crystal receiver construction projects | 
| Crystal 
set | 
| Crystal technology | 
| Demodulation of AM signals
envelope detector,
pdf file | 
| Demodulation of AM signals 
Demodulation of AM signals, Notes on the Demodulation of AM Signals,
pdf file | 
| Demodulation of AM signals 
Demodulation of AM signals, The DSBSC modulation is one type of modulation in 
which the information (or message) is carried on the amplitude of a sinusoidal 
signal. Another type of this modulation is what we can call Double Side Band 
Including Carrier or Full AM (or simply AM), doc file | 
| Envelope detector how the 
envelope detector work | 
| Envelope detector 
envelope detector, how the 
envelope detector work | 
| Feedback
  oscillators and lasers phase shift oscillator, RC oscillator, optical
  oscillator | 
| FM 
demodulation FM 
demodulation, Quadratur demodulator, 
Foster-Seeley discriminator,
pdf file | 
| FM 
demodulation FM 
demodulation, Quadratur demodulator, Foster-Seeley discriminator | 
| FM Detectors 
(Discriminators) FM detectors convert the frequency variations of the 
carrier back into a replica of the original modulating signal. There are 5 basic 
types of FM detectors: Slope detector, Foster-Seely Discriminator, Ratio 
Detector, Quadrature Detector, Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) detector | 
| FM radio
  receivers FM radio
  receivers, FM communication techniques | 
| FM receiver FM Receiver with one Transistor and Audio Amplifier | 
| FM 
  receivers FM receivers, FM communication techniques | 
| FM stereo FM stereo signal, RDS, FM communication techniques, Radio Data System | 
| FM stereo 
how FM stereo work | 
| FM stereo 
FM modulation used in the 87.5MHz to 108MHz band takes a signal with frequency range 
~50Hz to ~15kHz and modulates a carrier in the FM band with a modulation index 
of ~5 | 
| FM-Stereo-RDS Modulation 
FM theory, FM stereo multiplexing and the RDS 
mechanism, Frequency modulation (FM) has a long history of its application and 
is widely used in radio broadcast. To transmit stereo music, FM is enhanced by 
stereo multiplexing which carries both L and R audio channel content. With the 
digital age, Radio Data System (RDS) enables FM to carry text information such 
as traffic, weather, and radio station information which can be displayed on the 
end-user’s device interface, pdf file | 
| FM Stereo Tuner 
Measurement Pilot, Stereo Subcarrier suppressed, RDS Subcarrier, pdf file | 
| Heterodyne Principle generate new frequencies by mixing two or more signals 
in a nonlinear device such as diode mixer | 
| IF
  transformer | 
| LC AM radio 
construct a simple AM receiver using a "Tank" circuit and a Envelope Detector 
circuit | 
| LC filter design learn the basics of LC filter design, pdf file | 
| LM3189 FM IF System The LM3189N is a monolithic integrated circuit that 
provides all the functions of a comprehensive FM IF system. The block diagram of 
the LM3189N includes a three stage FM IF amplifier/limiter configuration with 
level detectors for each stage, a doubly balanced quadrature FM detector and an audio amplifier that 
features the optional use of a muting (squelch) circuit, pdf file | 
| Mathematical analysis of 
frequency mixing Mathematical analysis of frequency mixing, describing the 
mixing of two frequencies in a non-linear circuit | 
| Mixer design
describing the mixing of two frequencies in a non-linear circuit, Mixer spectral 
output,
pdf file | 
| Mixers | 
| Mixers:
  a introduction a mixer converts RF power at one frequency into power at another
  frequency to make signal processing easier and also inexpensive | 
| Mixers and frequency conversion mixers and frequency conversion | 
| Mixers,
  diode the use of mixers and heterodyne receivers to detect and process RF
  signals | 
| Mixers in
  communications
  the linear diode detector for AM demodulation, product detector for SSB, DSB,
  and CW demodulation, quadrature demodulator, BPSK signal, QPSK signal, filter
  method of SSB generation, phasing method of SSB generation | 
| Mixing and modulation
techniques    animated,   a tip | 
| Negative
  resistance oscillators Gunn oscillators, Negative Resistance, Gunn effect, Negative resistance oscillator | 
| Oscillator design
pdf file | 
| Oscillator design
pdf file | 
| Phase-Locked Loop | 
| Preemphasis 
and deemphasis in an FM system the higher frequencies contribute more to the 
noise than the lower frequencies. Because of this all FM systems adopt a system 
of preemphasis where the higher frequencies are increased in amplitude before 
being used to modulate the carrier | 
| Quad
  detector a quadrature detector is used to demodulate frequency shift
  keying (FSK) and other types of FM signals | 
| Quadrature FM
  detectors FM stands for Frequency Modulation. It means that the 
RF-frequency will change acording to the input audio signal | 
| Ratio detector 
The RF input V0 is applied to the coil L0. The capacitor C0 is not very 
essential for understanding the principle of the ratio detector. Its value is 
selected so that L0-C0 tank circuit resonates at the center frequency of FM 
modulation of the RF input, in order to cancel the inductance of the detector 
seen from the RF signal source | 
| Ratio detector | 
| Ratio detector | 
| Receivers Detection of AM, FM, and SSB, AM Detector, AGC,
ppt file | 
| Receptiion of Amplittude Modulated Siignals AM Demodulation The purpose of 
this experiment is to show how the amplitude-modulated signals are demodulated 
to obtain the original signal,
pdf file | 
| Regenerative receivers the use of feedback in the reflex receiver allowed a single
  transistor to be used simultaneously as an amplifier for both RF and AF
  signals | 
| Superheterodyne Radio Receivers Superheterodyne Radio Receivers, 
Superheterodyne AM Receivers, The Simplest Superheterodyne AM Receiver | 
| Superheterodyne Receivers
pdf file | 
| Superheterodyne receivers Spurious responses of mixers,
pdf file | 
| Superheterodyne receiver | 
| Superheterodyne receiver 
Superheterodyne receiver | 
| Synthesiser design a 
synthesiser is a device which takes an input, or source, frequency and from it 
produces an output frequency which is either directly or indirectly related to 
it,
pdf file | 
| TDA1597 IF amplifier/demodulator 
The TDA1597 provides IF amplification, symmetrical quadrature demodulation and 
level detection for quality home and car FM radio receivers and is suitable for 
mono and stereo reception. It may also be applied to common front-ends, stereo 
decoders and AM receivers circuits | 
| Varactor tuner | 
| Wide
  band RF transformers wideband RF transformers are simply transfomers
  designed to provide an impedance transformation over a broad frequency range.
  In amateur radio applications we wind these transformers on ferrite toroids. A
  common impedance transformation is 200 ohms to 50 ohms using a bi-filar
  winding, pdf file | 
| Horizontaal | 
| Composite FM signal with RDS and DARC | 
| Audio : 30 Hz – 15 kHz Subcarriers: 38 kHz, 57 kHz, 76 kHz, suppressed
 Pilot tone: 19 khz
 RDS: BW: 54.625 – 59.375 kHz
 DARC: DARC (DAta Radio Channel), an FM multiplex broadcast technology, LMSK 
(Level Minimum Shift Keying) subcarrier; BW: 60 – 95 kHz
 
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